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Philippe Hubert Preudhomme de Borre
Philippe Hubert, Chevalier de Preudhomme de Borre (17 September 1717 – 1790/1791) joined the French Army in 1740 and served in the War of the Austrian Succession. During the American Revolutionary War he traveled to America where he was presented as a military expert. Promoted to general officer, his career as a Continental Army officer was brief and undistingished. He resigned under a cloud and returned to France in 1779. His career ended in obscurity.
De Borre began his military career in the French royal army as a volunteer. He served as a cavalry officer in several campaigns during the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1745 he was seriously wounded. In 1757 he raised a unit from his home town of Liège in what is now Belgium but evidently saw no action in the Seven Years' War. When he arrived in America in 1776, the Second Continental Congress commissioned him a brigadier general. George Washington assigned de Borre to command the 2nd Maryland Brigade in John Sullivan's division. He led his troops at Staten Island and Brandywine. At the latter battle he proved incapable of handling his troops in action. Threatened with a court martial, he resigned and left America in 1779. He was promoted to brigadier general in the French army in 1780 but he was no longer physically capable of active service.
==Early career==
De Borre was born on 17 September 1717 at Liège.〔〔Noailles, p. 357〕 On 1 May 1740 he joined the Regiment of ''Champagne'' as a volunteer. He was commissioned as a sous lieutenant on 26 July 1741 and a lieutenant on 20 April 1742. He became a captain in the ''Duc de Bretagne'' Dragoon Regiment on 6 August 1744. After having fought in Bavaria, Bohemia, and Flanders, de Borre was badly wounded during the passage of the Rhine River in 1745. He suffered four sword strokes to his head and one to his wrist. The latter injury crippled one of his hands for life.〔Boatner, 888〕
While a lieutenant colonel in 1757, de Borre raised a unit from the Prince-Bishopric of Liège,〔 the ''Liègeois d'Orion'' Regiment.〔Selig, 33〕 Though the bishopric was not part of France the Prince-Bishop had an agreement with the King of France provide a regiment for the royal army.〔Millar, ''Foreign Infantry Regiments''〕 On 20 June 1757 King Louis XV made him a Chevalier of the Order of Saint Louis. There is no record of him being in action during the Seven Years' War which was then raging. When his regiment was reorganized on 1 January 1762, he was sent to garrison Metz. Until 1767 his task was to prevent desertion in the area of Liège. On 14 December 1776, then a temporary artillery brigadier general, he set out with Philippe Charles Tronson de Coudray and a large group of French officers who were given the government's blessing to assist the American Revolution. However, the French vessel ''Amphitrite'' turned back.〔 De Borre and a fellow officer Thomas-Antoine de Mauduit du Plessis set sail from Saint-Nazaire in the ''Mercure'' on 5 February 1777. The ship also carried a secret cargo of gunpowder, small arms, and material for uniforms, all bound for the American army.〔Morton & Spinelli, 105-106〕
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